Bit fields in C#
我有一个需要填充并写入磁盘的结构(实际上是几个)。
一个例子是：
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| byte-6
bit0 - original_or_copy
bit1 - copyright
bit2 - data_alignment_indicator
bit3 - PES_priority
bit4-bit5 - PES_scrambling control.
bit6-bit7 - reserved |
在C语言中，我可能会执行以下操作：
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| struct PESHeader {
unsigned reserved:2;
unsigned scrambling_control:2;
unsigned priority:1;
unsigned data_alignment_indicator:1;
unsigned copyright:1;
unsigned original_or_copy:1;
}; |
在C#中是否有任何方法可以使我使用结构解引用点运算符访问这些位？
对于两个结构，我只需要package访问器函数中的位移位即可。
我有很多结构可以用这种方式处理，所以我正在寻找更易于阅读和编写的东西。
我可能会使用属性将某些东西组合在一起，然后是一个转换类，以将适当地归因于结构的结构转换为位域基元。像...
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| using System;
namespace BitfieldTest
{
[global::System.AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field, AllowMultiple = false)]
sealed class BitfieldLengthAttribute : Attribute
{
uint length;
public BitfieldLengthAttribute(uint length)
{
this.length = length;
}
public uint Length { get { return length; } }
}
static class PrimitiveConversion
{
public static long ToLong< T >(T t) where T : struct
{
long r = 0;
int offset = 0;
// For every field suitably attributed with a BitfieldLength
foreach (System.Reflection.FieldInfo f in t.GetType().GetFields())
{
object[] attrs = f.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(BitfieldLengthAttribute), false);
if (attrs.Length == 1)
{
uint fieldLength = ((BitfieldLengthAttribute)attrs[0]).Length;
// Calculate a bitmask of the desired length
long mask = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < fieldLength; i++)
mask |= 1 << i;
r |= ((UInt32)f.GetValue(t) & mask) << offset;
offset += (int)fieldLength;
}
}
return r;
}
}
struct PESHeader
{
[BitfieldLength(2)]
public uint reserved;
[BitfieldLength(2)]
public uint scrambling_control;
[BitfieldLength(1)]
public uint priority;
[BitfieldLength(1)]
public uint data_alignment_indicator;
[BitfieldLength(1)]
public uint copyright;
[BitfieldLength(1)]
public uint original_or_copy;
};
public class MainClass
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
PESHeader p = new PESHeader();
p.reserved = 3;
p.scrambling_control = 2;
p.data_alignment_indicator = 1;
long l = PrimitiveConversion.ToLong(p);
for (int i = 63; i >= 0; i--)
{
Console.Write( ((l & (1l << i)) > 0) ?"1" :"0");
}
Console.WriteLine();
return;
}
}
} |
产生预期的... 000101011。当然，它需要更多的错误检查和更精巧的键入，但是(我认为)该概念是合理的，可重用的，并且可以让您轻松打出一打维护的结构。
adamw
通过使用枚举，您可以执行此操作，但是看起来很尴尬。
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| [Flags]
public enum PESHeaderFlags
{
IsCopy = 1, // implied that if not present, then it is an original
IsCopyrighted = 2,
IsDataAligned = 4,
Priority = 8,
ScramblingControlType1 = 0,
ScramblingControlType2 = 16,
ScramblingControlType3 = 32,
ScramblingControlType4 = 16+32,
ScramblingControlFlags = ScramblingControlType1 | ScramblingControlType2 | ... ype4
etc.
} |
您想要StructLayoutAttribute
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| [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size=1, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi)]
public struct Foo
{ [FieldOffset(0)]public byte original_or_copy;
[FieldOffset(0)]public byte copyright;
[FieldOffset(0)]public byte data_alignment_indicator;
[FieldOffset(0)]public byte PES_priority;
[FieldOffset(0)]public byte PES_scrambling_control;
[FieldOffset(0)]public byte reserved;
} |
这实际上是一个并集，但是您可以将其用作位字段-您只需要意识到每个字段的位应该在字节中的哪个位置即可。实用程序函数和/或与AND相对的常量可能会有所帮助。
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| const byte _original_or_copy = 1;
const byte _copyright = 2;
//bool ooo = foo.original_or_copy();
static bool original_or_copy(this Foo foo)
{ return (foo.original_or_copy & _original_or_copy) == original_or_copy;
} |
还有LayoutKind.Sequential，可让您以C方式进行操作。
正如Christophe Lambrechts所建议的那样，BitVector32提供了一种解决方案。抖动性能应该足够，但是不
以下是说明此解决方案的代码：
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| public struct rcSpan
{
//C# Spec 10.4.5.1: The static field variable initializers of a class correspond to a sequence of assignments that are executed in the textual order in which they appear in the class declaration.
internal static readonly BitVector32.Section sminSection = BitVector32.CreateSection(0x1FFF);
internal static readonly BitVector32.Section smaxSection = BitVector32.CreateSection(0x1FFF, sminSection);
internal static readonly BitVector32.Section areaSection = BitVector32.CreateSection(0x3F, smaxSection);
internal BitVector32 data;
//public uint smin : 13;
public uint smin
{
get { return (uint)data[sminSection]; }
set { data[sminSection] = (int)value; }
}
//public uint smax : 13;
public uint smax
{
get { return (uint)data[smaxSection]; }
set { data[smaxSection] = (int)value; }
}
//public uint area : 6;
public uint area
{
get { return (uint)data[areaSection]; }
set { data[areaSection] = (int)value; }
}
} |
您可以通过这种方式做很多事情。通过为每个字段提供手工访问器，甚至可以在不使用BitVector32的情况下做得更好：
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| public struct rcSpan2
{
internal uint data;
//public uint smin : 13;
public uint smin
{
get { return data & 0x1FFF; }
set { data = (data & ~0x1FFFu ) | (value & 0x1FFF); }
}
//public uint smax : 13;
public uint smax
{
get { return (data >> 13) & 0x1FFF; }
set { data = (data & ~(0x1FFFu << 13)) | (value & 0x1FFF) << 13; }
}
//public uint area : 6;
public uint area
{
get { return (data >> 26) & 0x3F; }
set { data = (data & ~(0x3F << 26)) | (value & 0x3F) << 26; }
}
} |
令人惊讶的是，这最后一个手工解决方案似乎是最方便，最省时，最短的解决方案。当然，那只是我个人的喜好。
再根据Zbyl的答案。这对我来说更容易更改-我只需要调整sz0，sz1 ...并确保Set / Get块中的mask#和loc#是正确的。
在性能方面，应该与它们都解析为38个MSIL语句相同。 (常量在编译时解析)
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| public struct MyStruct
{
internal uint raw;
const int sz0 = 4, loc0 = 0, mask0 = ((1 << sz0) - 1) << loc0;
const int sz1 = 4, loc1 = loc0 + sz0, mask1 = ((1 << sz1) - 1) << loc1;
const int sz2 = 4, loc2 = loc1 + sz1, mask2 = ((1 << sz2) - 1) << loc2;
const int sz3 = 4, loc3 = loc2 + sz2, mask3 = ((1 << sz3) - 1) << loc3;
public uint Item0
{
get { return (uint)(raw & mask0) >> loc0; }
set { raw = (uint)(raw & ~mask0 | (value << loc0) & mask0); }
}
public uint Item1
{
get { return (uint)(raw & mask1) >> loc1; }
set { raw = (uint)(raw & ~mask1 | (value << loc1) & mask1); }
}
public uint Item2
{
get { return (uint)(raw & mask2) >> loc2; }
set { raw = (uint)(raw & ~mask2 | (value << loc2) & mask2); }
}
public uint Item3
{
get { return (uint)((raw & mask3) >> loc3); }
set { raw = (uint)(raw & ~mask3 | (value << loc3) & mask3); }
}
} |
您也可以使用BitVector32，尤其是Section struct。这个例子很好。
虽然它是一类，但使用BitArray似乎是最少重新发明轮子的方法。除非您对性能有真正的要求，否则这是最简单的选择。 (可以使用[]运算符引用索引。)
我认为，如果将它设为字节枚举，那么标记枚举也可以工作：
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| [Flags] enum PesHeaders : byte { /* ... */ } |
带有Flags属性的枚举可以帮助吗？参见此处：
[Flags]枚举属性在C#中是什么意思？
我发现自己对这些辅助功能很满意：
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| uint SetBits(uint word, uint value, int pos, int size)
{
uint mask = ((((uint)1) << size) - 1) << pos;
word &= ~mask; //resettiamo le posizioni
word |= (value << pos) & mask;
return word;
}
uint ReadBits(uint word, int pos, int size)
{
uint mask = ((((uint)1) << size) - 1) << pos;
return (word & mask) >> pos;
} |
然后：
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| uint the_word;
public uint Itemx
{
get { return ReadBits(the_word, 5, 2); }
set { the_word = SetBits(the_word, value, 5, 2) }
} |
我写了一个，分享了，可能对某人有帮助：
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| [global::System.AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field, AllowMultiple = false)]
public sealed class BitInfoAttribute : Attribute {
byte length;
public BitInfoAttribute(byte length) {
this.length = length;
}
public byte Length { get { return length; } }
}
public abstract class BitField {
public void parse< T >(T[] vals) {
analysis().parse(this, ArrayConverter.convert<T, uint>(vals));
}
public byte[] toArray() {
return ArrayConverter.convert<uint, byte>(analysis().toArray(this));
}
public T[] toArray< T >() {
return ArrayConverter.convert<uint, T>(analysis().toArray(this));
}
static Dictionary<Type, BitTypeInfo> bitInfoMap = new Dictionary<Type, BitTypeInfo>();
private BitTypeInfo analysis() {
Type type = this.GetType();
if (!bitInfoMap.ContainsKey(type)) {
List<BitInfo> infos = new List<BitInfo>();
byte dataIdx = 0, offset = 0;
foreach (System.Reflection.FieldInfo f in type.GetFields()) {
object[] attrs = f.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(BitInfoAttribute), false);
if (attrs.Length == 1) {
byte bitLen = ((BitInfoAttribute)attrs[0]).Length;
if (offset + bitLen > 32) {
dataIdx++;
offset = 0;
}
infos.Add(new BitInfo(f, bitLen, dataIdx, offset));
offset += bitLen;
}
}
bitInfoMap.Add(type, new BitTypeInfo(dataIdx + 1, infos.ToArray()));
}
return bitInfoMap[type];
}
}
class BitTypeInfo {
public int dataLen { get; private set; }
public BitInfo[] bitInfos { get; private set; }
public BitTypeInfo(int _dataLen, BitInfo[] _bitInfos) {
dataLen = _dataLen;
bitInfos = _bitInfos;
}
public uint[] toArray< T >(T obj) {
uint[] datas = new uint[dataLen];
foreach (BitInfo bif in bitInfos) {
bif.encode(obj, datas);
}
return datas;
}
public void parse< T >(T obj, uint[] vals) {
foreach (BitInfo bif in bitInfos) {
bif.decode(obj, vals);
}
}
}
class BitInfo {
private System.Reflection.FieldInfo field;
private uint mask;
private byte idx, offset, shiftA, shiftB;
private bool isUnsigned = false;
public BitInfo(System.Reflection.FieldInfo _field, byte _bitLen, byte _idx, byte _offset) {
field = _field;
mask = (uint)(((1 << _bitLen) - 1) << _offset);
idx = _idx;
offset = _offset;
shiftA = (byte)(32 - _offset - _bitLen);
shiftB = (byte)(32 - _bitLen);
if (_field.FieldType == typeof(bool)
|| _field.FieldType == typeof(byte)
|| _field.FieldType == typeof(char)
|| _field.FieldType == typeof(uint)
|| _field.FieldType == typeof(ulong)
|| _field.FieldType == typeof(ushort)) {
isUnsigned = true;
}
}
public void encode(Object obj, uint[] datas) {
if (isUnsigned) {
uint val = (uint)Convert.ChangeType(field.GetValue(obj), typeof(uint));
datas[idx] |= ((uint)(val << offset) & mask);
} else {
int val = (int)Convert.ChangeType(field.GetValue(obj), typeof(int));
datas[idx] |= ((uint)(val << offset) & mask);
}
}
public void decode(Object obj, uint[] datas) {
if (isUnsigned) {
field.SetValue(obj, Convert.ChangeType((((uint)(datas[idx] & mask)) << shiftA) >> shiftB, field.FieldType));
} else {
field.SetValue(obj, Convert.ChangeType((((int)(datas[idx] & mask)) << shiftA) >> shiftB, field.FieldType));
}
}
}
public class ArrayConverter {
public static T[] convert< T >(uint[] val) {
return convert<uint, T>(val);
}
public static T1[] convert<T0, T1>(T0[] val) {
T1[] rt = null;
// type is same or length is same
// refer to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25759878/convert-byte-to-sbyte
if (typeof(T0) == typeof(T1)) {
rt = (T1[])(Array)val;
} else {
int len = Buffer.ByteLength(val);
int w = typeWidth<T1>();
if (w == 1) { // bool
rt = new T1[len * 8];
} else if (w == 8) {
rt = new T1[len];
} else { // w > 8
int nn = w / 8;
int len2 = (len / nn) + ((len % nn) > 0 ? 1 : 0);
rt = new T1[len2];
}
Buffer.BlockCopy(val, 0, rt, 0, len);
}
return rt;
}
public static string toBinary< T >(T[] vals) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int width = typeWidth< T >();
int len = Buffer.ByteLength(vals);
for (int i = len-1; i >=0; i--) {
sb.Append(Convert.ToString(Buffer.GetByte(vals, i), 2).PadLeft(8, '0')).Append("");
}
return sb.ToString();
}
private static int typeWidth< T >() {
int rt = 0;
if (typeof(T) == typeof(bool)) { // x
rt = 1;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(byte)) { // x
rt = 8;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(sbyte)) {
rt = 8;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(ushort)) { // x
rt = 16;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(short)) {
rt = 16;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(char)) {
rt = 16;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(uint)) { // x
rt = 32;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(int)) {
rt = 32;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(float)) {
rt = 32;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(ulong)) { // x
rt = 64;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(long)) {
rt = 64;
} else if (typeof(T) == typeof(double)) {
rt = 64;
} else {
throw new Exception("Unsupport type :" + typeof(T).Name);
}
return rt;
}
} |
及其用法：
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| class MyTest01 : BitField {
[BitInfo(3)]
public bool d0;
[BitInfo(3)]
public short d1;
[BitInfo(3)]
public int d2;
[BitInfo(3)]
public int d3;
[BitInfo(3)]
public int d4;
[BitInfo(3)]
public int d5;
public MyTest01(bool _d0, short _d1, int _d2, int _d3, int _d4, int _d5) {
d0 = _d0;
d1 = _d1;
d2 = _d2;
d3 = _d3;
d4 = _d4;
d5 = _d5;
}
public MyTest01(byte[] datas) {
parse(datas);
}
public new string ToString() {
return string.Format("d0: {0}, d1: {1}, d2: {2}, d3: {3}, d4: {4}, d5: {5} \
\
binary => {6}",
d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, ArrayConverter.toBinary(toArray()));
}
};
class MyTest02 : BitField {
[BitInfo(5)]
public bool val0;
[BitInfo(5)]
public byte val1;
[BitInfo(15)]
public uint val2;
[BitInfo(15)]
public float val3;
[BitInfo(15)]
public int val4;
[BitInfo(15)]
public int val5;
[BitInfo(15)]
public int val6;
public MyTest02(bool v0, byte v1, uint v2, float v3, int v4, int v5, int v6) {
val0 = v0;
val1 = v1;
val2 = v2;
val3 = v3;
val4 = v4;
val5 = v5;
val6 = v6;
}
public MyTest02(byte[] datas) {
parse(datas);
}
public new string ToString() {
return string.Format("val0: {0}, val1: {1}, val2: {2}, val3: {3}, val4: {4}, val5: {5}, val6: {6}\
\
binary => {7}",
val0, val1, val2, val3, val4, val5, val6, ArrayConverter.toBinary(toArray()));
}
}
public class MainClass {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
MyTest01 p = new MyTest01(false, 1, 2, 3, -1, -2);
Debug.Log("P::" + p.ToString());
MyTest01 p2 = new MyTest01(p.toArray());
Debug.Log("P2::" + p2.ToString());
MyTest02 t = new MyTest02(true, 1, 12, -1.3f, 4, -5, 100);
Debug.Log("t::" + t.ToString());
MyTest02 t2 = new MyTest02(t.toArray());
Debug.Log("t::" + t.ToString());
Console.Read();
return;
}
} |
|
